I-Excavator, eyaziwa nangokuthi imishini yokumba, iyinhlanganoonyakazayo umshini osebenzisa ibhakede ukumba izinto ngenhla noma ngaphansi kwendawo yokuthwala bese uyilayisha emotweni yokuthutha noma ukuyehlisela esitokisini.Kulokhu senze ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwesistimu yokuhamba nge-excavator namaphutha avamile.
1. Uhlelo lokuhamba nge-Excavator
(1) Izici zedivayisi yokuhamba
Ngenxa yokuthi idivayisi ehambayo inemisebenzi emibili yokwesekwa nokusebenza kwe-hydraulic excavator, idivayisi yokuhamba ye-hydraulic excavator kufanele ihlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo ngangokunokwenzeka:
1. Kufanele ibe namandla amakhulu okushayela, ukuze i-excavator ibe nokusebenza okuhle kokudlula, ukusebenza kokukhuphuka kanye nokusebenza kokuqondisa lapho ihamba emhlabathini omanzi noma othambile noma ongalingani.
2 Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokungakhulisi ubude begiya lokugijima, umshini wokumba unendawo ekhudlwana yokususa ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwawo ngaphandle komgwaqo endaweni engalingani.
3. Idivayisi ehambayo inendawo enkulu yokusekela noma ingcindezi encane yokubeka phansi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwe-excavator.
4. Uma i-excavator yehla emthambekeni, isenzakalo sokushelela nokushelela ngesivinini ngeke senzeke, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kwe-excavator.
5. Izilinganiso eziphelele zedivayisi yokuhamba ngezinyawo kufanele zihlangabezane nezidingo zokuhamba zomgwaqo.
Idivayisi yokuhamba ye-hydraulic excavator ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: uhlobo lwe-crawler kanye nohlobo lwesondo ngokuya ngesakhiwo.
(2) Imishini yokumba ama-Crawler namathayi
1. Idivayisi yokuhamba yohlobo lwe-Crawler
Idivayisi yokuhamba yohlobo lwesiseshi iqukethe “amasondo amane nebhande elilodwa” (Idler,top roller,track roller,sprocekt rim,track link assy), idivayisi ecindezelayo kanye nesiphethu sebhafa, indlela yokuhamba, ifremu yokuhamba, njll. igijima, isondo lokushayela lishayela i-Yin bese ligxilisa i-Yin (i-Yin esekelayo) ohlangothini oluqinile lwethrekhi ukuze likhiqize amandla adonsayo, emzamweni wokudonsa ithrekhi ku-roller yethrekhi, ngoba ithrekhi engaphansi kwesondo inokunamathela okwanele. phansi., ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwethrekhi, ukuphoqa isondo lokushayela ukuba ligoqe ithrekhi, kanye nesondo eliqondisayo ukubeka ithrekhi phansi, ukuze u-excavator agijime phambili eduze kwethrekhi nge-roller.
2. Idivayisi yokuhamba yohlobo lwesondo.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zesakhiwo sedivayisi yokuhamba ye-hydraulic excavator yohlobo lwesondo.Kukhona ama-chassis kagandaganda anamasondo asebenzisa i-chassis yemoto evamile, kodwa ukumba okuqhutshwa kwe-hydraulic yohlobo lwesondo okunamandla ebhakede okukhudlwana kanye nezimfuneko zokusebenza eziphezulu kusebenzisa igiya elikhethekile lokugijima lika-chassis elinamasondo amasondo.
1) Awekho ama-outrigger, wonke amasondo ayanyakaza, i-turntable ihlelwe phakathi kwama-ekseli amabili, futhi ama-ekseli amabili ane-wheelbase efanayo.Izinzuzo ukuthi ama-outriggers ashiyiwe, isakhiwo silula, ukusebenza kulula ezindaweni zokwakha ezincane, futhi ukuhamba kahle kuhle.Okubi ukuthi i-axle yokuqondisa inokusikeka okukhulu okunegethivu lapho i-excavator ihamba, futhi umsebenzi wokuqondisa unzima noma udinga ukufakwa umshini wokusiza nge-hydraulic.Ngakho-ke, idivayisi yokuhamba yalesi sakhiwo ifaneleka kuphela kuma-excavators amathayi amancane.
2) Ama-outrigger aphindwe kabili, i-all-wheel drive, i-turntable ichemile ohlangothini olulodwa lwe-eksisi elungisiwe (i-axle yangemuva).Izici zayo yilezi: nciphisa umthwalo we-axle yokuqondisa futhi wenze umsebenzi wokuqondisa ube lula;ama-outriggers afakwe ohlangothini lwe-shaft ehleliwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwe-excavator ngesikhathi sokusebenza.Lolu hlobo lwedivayisi yokuhamba lusetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-excavators amancane ohlobo lwesondo.
3) Imilenze emine, i-single-axis drive, i-turntable ikude nendawo.Izici zayo yilezi: ukuzinza okuhle.Ububi buwukuthi: ukushayela endaweni ethambile kuzokwakha imigodi yamasondo amathathu, ukumelana nokushayela kuzokhula, futhi ukuzinza kwe-lateral kwe-fulcrum chassis emithathu kubi.Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwedivayisi yokuhamba lufaneleka kuphela kuma-excavators amancane.
4) Imilenze emine, i-All-wheel drive, i-turntable iseduze nohlangothi lwe-axle engashintshi (i-axle yangemuva).Izici zayo yilezi: kulula ukusebenza, izidingo eziphansi phansi.
Ukuhlaziywa okubili okujwayelekile kwamaphutha kanye nokuxazulula inkinga
1. Isivinini senjini siyehla
Okokuqala, hlola amandla okukhiphayo enjini ngokwayo.Uma amandla okukhipha enjini engaphansi kwamandla alinganiselwe, imbangela yokwehluleka kungase kube izinga eliphansi likaphethiloli, umfutho ophansi kaphethiloli, imvume ye-valve engalungile, isilinda esithile senjini singasebenzi, isikhathi sokujova uphethiloli asilungile, Inani lokusetha lenani alilungile, isistimu yokungenisa umoya iyavuza, ibhuleki kanye nenduku yokudlala yayo kunephutha, futhi i-turbocharger iyicoke.
2. Uma amandla okukhiphayo enjini ejwayelekile, udinga ukuhlola ukuthi iyimpepho yini ngoba izinga lokugeleza kwepompo le-hydraulic alihambisani namandla aphumayo enjini.Ijubane le-excavator ye-hydraulic lihambisana ngokuphambene nokucindezela okungalungile ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okungukuthi, umkhiqizo wezinga lokugeleza kanye nokucindezela okukhiphayo kwepompo kuhlala njalo, futhi amandla okukhipha ipompo ahlala njalo noma cishe ahlala njalo.Uma uhlelo lokulawula iphampu luhluleka, isimo esifanele sokuhambisana komthwalo wenjini, ipompo kanye ne-valve ezimweni zokusebenza ezihlukene ngeke kufinyelelwe, futhi i-excavator ngeke isebenze ngokujwayelekile.Ukwehluleka okunjalo kufanele kuqale ngesistimu kagesi, bese uhlola uhlelo lwe-hydraulic, futhi ekugcineni uhlole uhlelo lokudlulisa ngomshini.
3. I-excavator ayinawo amandla
Ukumba okubuthakathaka kungenye yamaphutha avamile abambiwa bemigodi.Ubuthakathaka bokumba bungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: eyodwa iwubuthakathaka ekugubheni, injini ayiyibambi imoto, futhi umthwalo ulula kakhulu:
Uhlobo lwesibili ubuthakathaka ekumbiweni.Lapho i-boom noma induku yelulelwa phansi, injini iyaminyanisa kakhulu noma imile.
1. Umbiwe ubuthakathaka kodwa injini ayiyibambi imoto.Ubukhulu bamandla okumba bunqunywa ingcindezi ephumayo yepompo eyinhloko, futhi ukuthi injini ibhuleki yini kuncike ebudlelwaneni phakathi kokumuncwa kwephampu kawoyela ekhabetheni elijikelezayo kanye netorque ephumayo yenjini.Ukuthi injini ayibambeki kukhomba ukuthi iphampu kawoyela imunca ikhabethe elincane elijikelezayo futhi umthwalo wenjini ulula.Uma kungekho okungavamile okusobala ngesivinini sokusebenza somgodi, ukucindezela okuphezulu kokuphuma kwepompo eyinhloko, okungukuthi, ukucindezela kokuchichima kwesistimu, kufanele kuhlolwe.
2. Uma inani elilinganisiwe lokucindezela kokuchichima liphansi kunevelu eshiwo, libonisa ukuthi inani lokusetha levalvu yokukhulula esike kakhulu yesekethe ye-hydraulic ye-mechanisheli alilungile, okubangela ukuthi indlela yokuchichima ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi isebenze ngokubuthakathaka. .Khona-ke umshini ungalungiswa ngokuguqula isikulufa sokulungisa.
3. Ukumbiwa akunamandla, futhi injini iyaduma.Isitebele senjini sibonisa ukuthi i-torque yokumunca yepompo kawoyela inkulu kunetorque ephumayo yenjini, okubangela ukuthi injini idubule.Lolu hlobo lokwehluleka kufanele luqale lubheke ukuthi isistimu yokuzwa isivinini senjini ijwayelekile yini, futhi indlela yokuhlola iyafana nendlela yokuhlola injini echazwe ngenhla.Ngemva kokuhlola okuningiliziwe okungenhla nokuxazulula izinkinga, isimiso senzwa yesivinini senjini sibuyela emsebenzini ovamile, isenzakalo sendawo yokudayisa injini siyanyamalala, futhi amandla okumba abuyela kwesijwayelekile.
4. Amaphutha avamile enqubweni yokumba, amanye amaphutha avamile avame ukwenzeka ku-excavator emsebenzini wokwakha, njengokuthi: i-excavator igijima ngaphandle kwethrekhi, isizathu kungase kube ukuthi uphawu lwamafutha okusabalalisa ukuhamba (owaziwa nangokuthi i-centre rotary i-joint oil seal) yonakalisiwe: I-hydraulic cylinder Ukuvuza okusheshayo kungase kusho ukuthi i-valve yokusiza ukuphepha ayivalwanga ngokuqinile, noma uphawu lukawoyela we-cylinder lonakele kakhulu, njll.
5. Ukugcinwa kwansuku zonke kwe-excavator Ukuze uvimbele ukwehluleka kwe-excavator, kuyadingeka ukunaka kakhulu ukugcinwa kwe-excavator ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
Ukugcinwa kwansuku zonke kuhlanganisa ukuhlola, ukuhlanza noma ukufaka esikhundleni sesici sokuhlunga umoya: ukuhlanza ingaphakathi lesistimu yokupholisa: ukuhlola nokuqinisa amabhawudi ezicathulo zethrekhi: ukuhlola kanye nokulungisa ukushuba komgogodla wethrekhi: ukuhlola isifudumezi somoya esithathayo: ukushintsha amazinyo ebhakede: ukulungisa ukuphuma kwebhakede: ukuhlola ifasitela langaphambili Ukuhlanza izinga lamanzi: Hlola futhi ulungise isipholile somoya;hlanza phansi ku-cab;buyisela into yesihlungi se-crusher (uyazikhethela).
Asekhona amaphutha amaningi atholwa abavubukuli emsebenzini wansuku zonke.Nasi isingeniso nje sezindlela zokugcinwa kwezinhlobo eziningana ezivamile zamaphutha, futhi inhloso ukunciphisa ukuvela kwamaphutha, okubaluleke kakhulu ekugcinweni kwansuku zonke kwama-excavators.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-27-2022
