Umlando wokuthuthuka wamagandaganda e-crawler
Ugandaganda wohlobo lwe-track (owaziwa nangokuthi i-crawler dozer) yathuthukiswa ngempumelelo ngu-American Benjamin Holt ngo-1904. Yakhiwa ngokufaka ugandaganda ophakamisa umuntu phambi kukagandaganda wokukhasa.Amandla ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyinjini yesitimu.Ngemuva kwalokho, amagandaganda ohlobo lwe-crawler aqhutshwa amandla egesi yemvelo kanye nenjini kaphethiloli athuthukiswa ngempumelelo ngokulandelana, futhi i-bulldozer blade nayo yathuthukiswa ukusuka ekuphakamiseni mathupha kuye ekuphakamiseni intambo.
UBenjamin Holt futhi ungomunye wabasunguli beCaterpillar Inc. e-United States.Ngo-1925, i-5Holt Manufacturing Company kanye ne-CL Best Bulldozer Company yahlanganiswa yakha I-Caterpillar Bulldozer Company, yaba inkampani yokuqala emhlabeni eyenza imishini kagandaganda.Ngo-1931, iqoqo lokuqala lama-bulldozer angama-60 anezinjini zikadizili laphuma ngempumelelo emgqeni wokukhiqiza.Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, wonke ama-bulldozer anikwe amandla izinjini zikadizili, futhi ama-bulldozer blades nezikhafu konke kuphakanyiswa ngamasilinda asebenza ngogesi.
Ngaphezu kogandaganda bohlobo lwe-crawler, ogandaganda baphinde babe nogandaganda bohlobo lwamasondo, abavele cishe eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva kunogandaganda bohlobo lwe-crawler.Ngenxa yokuthi ogandaganda abakhasa banokusebenza okuhle kokunamathela futhi banamandla amakhulu, ukuhlukahluka nenani lemikhiqizo yabo lidlula kude lelo logandaganda bamathayi ekhaya naphesheya.
Emhlabeni jikelele, iCaterpillar iyinkampani enkulu kunazo zonke ekhiqiza imishini yokwakha emhlabeni.Amabhuldoza ayo okukhasa ahlanganisa uchungechunge lwe-D3-D11 enkulu, ephakathi nencane, enkulu kunazo zonke i-D11 RCD, kanye namandla e-flywheel enjini yedizili afinyelela ku-634kw;Japan Inkampani ye-Komatsu ikleliswe endaweni yesibili, futhi yaqala ukwethula nokukhiqiza i-D50 crawler bulldozer ngo-1947.
Kunamagandaganda ahlukene angu-13, asuka ku-D21-D575, amancane yi-D21, injini ye-dizeli amandla e-flywheel angu-29.5kw, enkulu kunazo zonke yi-D575A-3SD, amandla e-flywheel enjini kadizili afinyelela ku-858kw, iphinde ibe mkhulu kunawo wonke umhlaba;Umkhiqizi wogandaganda oyisici yiqembu laseJalimane i-Liebheer (Liebheer), ogandaganda bayo bonke beqhutshwa ukucindezela kwe-hydrostatic.Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yocwaningo nentuthuko, ubuchwepheshe bethula i-prototype ngo-1972, futhi baqala ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi ngo-1974. I-PR721-PR731 kanye ne-PR741 hydrostatic drive crawler bulldozer, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwezingxenye ze-hydraulic, amandla ayo aphezulu angama-295Kw kuphela okwamanje, imodeli PR751 yezimayini.
Abakhiqizi abathathu abangenhla bamela izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lamabhuldoza ama-crawler emhlabeni namuhla.Abanye abakhiqizi abambalwa bangaphandle bogandaganda abakhasa, u-John Deere, Case, New Holland kanye ne-Deresta, nabo banezinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamagandaganda e-China kwaqala kuphela ngemva kokusungulwa kwe-New China.Ekuqaleni, kwafakwa ogandaganda ogandaganda bezolimo.Ngokuthuthuka komnotho wezwe, silokhu sikhula isidingo samabhuldoza aphakathi nendawo namakhulu ezimayini ezinkulu, ukongiwa kwamanzi, iziteshi zikagesi kanye neminyango yezokuthutha.Nakuba imboni yezwe lami ekhiqiza amabhuldoza amakhulu nama-crawler isithuthuke kakhulu, ayikwazanga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa komnotho kazwelonke.isidingo.
Kuze kube manje, kusukela ngo-1979, izwe lami lethule ngokulandelana ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, ukucaciswa kwenqubo, amazinga obuchwepheshe kanye nezinhlelo zempahla zamagandaganda abakhasayo abavela ku-Komatsu Corporation yase-Japan kanye ne-Caterpillar Corporation yase-United States.Iphethini elawulwa yimikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe be-Komatsu ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kanye nawo-1990.
Kusukela ngawo-1960 kuze kube manje, inani labakhiqizi basekhaya bama-bulldozer lizinzile cishe ku-4. Isizathu siwukuthi izidingo zokucubungula imikhiqizo ye-bulldozer ziphakeme futhi zinzima, futhi ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, ngakho amabhizinisi ajwayelekile awalokothi. ukubeka unyawo kalula.Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe, kusukela kuHlelo Lwesishiyagalombili Lweminyaka Emihlanu, amabhizinisi asekhaya amakhulu naphakathi nendawo aqala ukusebenzisa ogandaganda ngasikhathi sinye ngokwamandla abo, njenge-Inner Mongolia No. 1 Machinery Factory, Xuzhou I-Loader Factory, njll., inweba ithimba lemboni yogandaganda.
Khona manjalo kukhona nedlanzana lamabhizinisi aseqalile ukwehla ngenxa yokungaphathwa kahle nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe kanti amanye asehoxile embonini.
Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abakhulu basekhaya bama-bulldozer yilaba:
Shantui Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., Hebei Xuanhua Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., Shanghai Pengpu Machinery Factory Co., Ltd., Tianjin Construction Machinery Factory, Shaanxi Xinhuang Machinery Co., Ltd., Yituo Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. ., njll.
Ngaphandle kokukhiqizwa kogandaganda, izinkampani ezibalwe ngenhla seziqalile nokubeka unyawo ekukhiqizeni eminye imikhiqizo yemishini yokwakha.Isibonelo, i-Shantui iphinde ikhiqize ama-roller omgwaqo, ama-graders, ama-excavators, ama-loaders, ama-forklift, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-24-2022
