Ukukhuluma nge-Excavator(1)

ukukhuluma nge-Excavator(1)

Ihlukaniswa njengemishini yokwakha esindayo, i-excavator, eyaziwa nangokuthi umshini wokumba, owaziwa nangokuthi i-excavator, Kungumshini onyakazisa umhlaba osebenzisa ibhakede ukumba izinto ngenhla noma ngaphansi kwendawo yokuthwala bese uyilayisha emotweni yokuthutha noma ukuyikhipha. ukuya esitokisini.

Izinto ezigujwe yi-excavator ngokuyinhloko ziyinhlabathi, amalahle, i-silt, inhlabathi kanye namadwala ngemva kokuxegiswa kwangaphambili. Uma sibheka ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokwakha eminyakeni yamuva, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-excavators kuyashesha, futhi abavubukuli baye baba omunye wezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu. imishini yokwakha ekwakhiweni kobunjiniyela.Imingcele emithathu ebaluleke kakhulu ye-excavator: isisindo sokusebenza (isisindo), amandla enjini kanye nomthamo webhakede.

Ihlukaniswe ngama-excavators angaphakathi edrayivu evuthayo kanye nezimbambi zikagesi ngokuya ngemodi yokushayela, Ngokwendlela yokuhamba, ingahlukaniswa ngama-crawler excavators kanye nezimba ezinamasondo.

Ngokwemodi yokudlulisela, ingabuye ihlukaniswe ngama-hydraulic excavators kanye nabavubukuli bemishini, Uma ngokusho kwebhakede, linezikhombisi-ndlela ezimbili: ukumba kwefosholo ngaphambili, ukumba i-backhoe.

Isisindo sokusebenza singeminye yemingcele emithathu ebalulekile ye-excavator (amandla enjini, umthamo webhakede, isisindo sokusebenza),Isisindo sokusebenza sinquma izinga le-excavator futhi sinquma umkhawulo ophezulu wamandla okumba we-excavator.

Amandla okumba≦m;

Isisindo esisebenzayo m: i-coefficient yokunamathela phakathi komhlabathi kanye ne-crawler,Uma amandla okumba eqa lo mkhawulo, esimweni se-backhoe, umshini wokumba uzoshelela futhi udonswe phambili, okuyingozi kakhulu.Esimeni sefosholo, i-excavator izogwedla emuva.Amandla okumba, amandla okumba, amandla okumba ahlukaniswe ikakhulukazi amandla okumba umphambili kanye namandla okumba ibhakede.

Amaphuzu esenzo samandla amabili okumba yizimpande zezinyo zebhakede (udebe lwebhakede), kodwa amandla ahlukile.Amandla okumba umphambili avela ku-cylinder yengalo;amandla okumba ibhakede avela kusilinda samafutha ebhakede.

Ukucindezela okuqondile komhlabathi, ubukhulu bokucindezela okuqondile komhlabathi kunquma izimo zomhlabathi ezifanele umsebenzi we-excavator.Ukucindezela komhlaba kubhekisela ekucindezelweni okukhiqizwa isisindo somshini ophansi, ovezwa ngefomula elandelayo: ukucindezela komhlaba. = isisindo sokusebenza ÷ yonke indawo exhumene nomhlabathi,Landela izicathulo, kubalulekile ukufaka izicathulo ezifanele zethrekhi emshinini.Kuma-excavators e-crawler, imibandela yokukhetha isiseshi yilena: Noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka, zama ukusebenzisa izicathulo zethrekhi ezincane kakhulu.

Izinhlobo zamathrekhi ajwayelekile: izicathulo zethrekhi ezinamazinyo, izicathulo zethrekhi eziyisicaba, izicathulo zethrekhi eziyisicaba,Isivinini sokuhamba, kubavubukuli be-crawler, isikhathi sokuhamba sibalwa cishe ingxenye eyodwa kweshumi yaso sonke isikhathi sokusebenza.

Ngokuvamile, izivinini ezimbili zingahlangabezana nokusebenza kokuhamba kwe-excavator.I-Traction force, i-traction force ibhekisela kumandla akhiqizwe umshini wokumba lapho ehamba, okuncike kakhulu kumotho wokuhamba we-excavator.Lezi mingcele ezimbili zokuhamba ezihambayo zibonisa ukuhamba ye-excavator kanye nekhono layo lokuhamba.Ingabonakala kumasampula abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene.

I-gradeability, i-gradeability isho ikhono lokukhuphuka, ukwehla, noma ukuma endaweni eyehlelayo eqinile. Izindlela ezimbili zokumela: i-engeli, iphesenti,Umthamo wokuphakamisa, umthamo wokuphakamisa ubhekisela kumthamo omncane olinganiselwe wokuphakamisa ozinzile noma umthamo olinganiselwe wokuphakamisa i-hydraulic. .Ilinganiswe ngomthamo ozinzile wokuphakamisa: 75% womthwalo othiphu, ulinganiswe umthamo wokuphakamisa i-hydraulic: 87% womthamo wokuphakamisa i-hydraulic

Isivinini sokushwiba sisho isivinini esiphezulu esiphakathi nendawo esingafinyelelwa yi-excavator ngesikhathi sokushwibeka okuzinzile lapho umshini wokumba uthululwa.Lokhu kusho ukuthi isivinini esichaziwe sokubulala, hhayi lapho uqala, noma lapho ubhreka;Okungukuthi, akusona isivinini esibulalayo sokusheshisa noma sokwehla. .Ngomsebenzi wokumba ojwayelekile,Lapho lo mshini wokumba usebenza ebangeni lika-0° ukuya ku-180°, isithuthuthu siyasheshisa noma siyehle, futhi lapho siphendukela ebangeni lika-270° ukuya ku-360°, ijubane lokugwaza liba lizinzile.Ngakho-ke, empeleni umsebenzi wokumba, isivinini sokuzungeza esichazwe ngenhla asilona iqiniso.

Okusho ukuthi, ukusebenza kwangempela kokushwibeka okudingekile ukusheshisa/ukwehlisa ijubane okuvezwa ngokuya ngetorque yokushwiba.Amandla enjini, amandla amakhulu amahhashi asho amandla aphumayo akalwa ku-flywheel yenjini ngaphandle kwezinsiza ezisebenzisa amandla njengamamuffler, amafeni, ama-alternator nezihlungi zomoya. Amandla asebenzayo (i-net horsepower) abhekisela emandleni okukhiphayo akalwa ku-flywheel yenjini enazo zonke izesekeli ezisebenzisa amandla njengamamuffler, amafeni, ama-alternator nezihlungi zomoya ezifakiwe.

Isilinganiso somsindo, umsindo we-excavator uvela enjinini.Izinhlobo ezimbili zomsindo: ukukalwa komsindo endlebeni yomsebenzisi, ukukalwa komsindo eduze komshini