Ama-excavators ajwayelekile
Ama-excavator ajwayelekile ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili: ama-excavator aqhutshwa yinjini evuthayo kanye nama-excavators aqhutshwa ngogesi.Phakathi kwazo, ama-excavators kagesi asetshenziswa kakhulu e-plateau hypoxia, izimayini ezingaphansi komhlaba nezinye izindawo ezivuthayo neziqhumane.
Ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ama-excavators angahlukaniswa abe ama-excavators amakhulu, ama-excavators aphakathi nendawo kanye nama-excavators amancane.
Ngokuya ngezindlela ezihlukene zokuhamba, ama-excavators angahlukaniswa abe ama-crawler excavators kanye nama-excavators anamasondo.
Ngokuya ngezindlela ezihlukene zokudlulisa, ama-excavators angahlukaniswa abe ama-hydraulic excavators kanye ne-mechanical excavators.Ama-excavators emishini asetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinye izimayini ezinkulu.
Ngokwenhloso, ama-excavators angahlukaniswa abe ama-excavators jikelele, ama-excavators asezimayini, ama-excavators olwandle, ama-excavators akhethekile, njll.
Ngokwebhakede, ama-excavators angahlukaniswa abe ifosholo langaphambili, i-backhoe, i-dragline kanye nefosholo yokubamba.Amafosholo angaphambili asetshenziswa kakhulu ukumba izinto ngenhla, kanti ama-backhoes asetshenziswa kakhulu ukumba izinto ngaphansi komhlaba.
1. I-backhoe Uhlobo lwe-backhoe yilona oluvame kakhulu esilubonile, emuva phansi, ukusika inhlabathi ngenkani.Ingasetshenziselwa ukumba ngaphansi kwendawo yokusebenza yokuvala shaqa.Izindlela zokusebenza eziyisisekelo yilezi: ukumbiwa kokuphela komsele, ukumba ohlangothini lomsele, ukumbiwa komugqa oqondile, ukumba ijika, ukugcina ukumbiwa kwe-engeli ethile, ukumbiwa komsele ojule kakhulu kanye nokumbiwa komthambeka womsele, njll.
2. I-excavator yefosholo yangaphambili
Ifomu lesenzo sefosholo le-excavator yefosholo yangaphambili.Isici sawo "ukuya phambili nangaphezulu, ukusika inhlabathi ngenkani".Ifosholo langaphambili linamandla amakhulu okumba futhi lingakwazi ukumba inhlabathi ngaphezu kwendawo yokuma.Ilungele ukumba imigodi yesisekelo esomile enobude obungaphezu kuka-2m, kodwa kufanele kumiswe amarempu aphezulu naphansi.Ibhakede lefosholo langaphambili likhulu kunele-backhoe excavator yento efanayo, futhi lingakwazi ukumba into enamanzi angekho ngaphezu kwama-27%.
Ezinhlotsheni ezintathu zenhlabathi, nokusebenzisana neloli yokulahla ukuze kuqedelwe yonke imisebenzi yokumba kanye nezokuthutha, futhi kungamba futhi imigodi emikhulu yesisekelo esomile nezindunduma.Indlela yokumba yefosholo yangaphambili isekelwe kumehluko phakathi komzila wokumba kanye nokuma okuhlobene kwemoto yokuthutha.Kunezindlela ezimbili zokumba nokuthulula inhlabathi: ukumba phambili, ukuthulula eceleni;ukumba phambili, ukuhlehla.Ukuthulula inhlabathi.
3. I-excavator yomugqa wokudonsa
Imigqa yokudonsa nayo ibizwa ngokuthi imigqa yokudonsa.Izici zokumbiwa kwawo yilezi: “ngemuva naphansi, ukusika inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesisindo sayo”.Ilungele ukumbiwa kwenhlabathi ye-Class I kanye ne-II ngaphansi kwendawo yokumisa.Lapho kusebenza, ibhakede liphonswa ngamandla angenasici, futhi ibanga lokumba likhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi indawo yokumba nokujula kokumba kukhulu, kodwa ayiguquki futhi inembile njenge-backhoe.Ilungele kakhulu ukumba imigodi yesisekelo emikhulu nejulile noma ukumba ngaphansi kwamanzi.
4. I-excavator yokubamba kanye nefosholo
I-Grab excavator ibizwa nangokuthi i-grab excavator.Izici zokumbiwa kwayo yilezi: “uqonde phezulu naphansi, ukusika inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesisindo sayo”.Ilungele ukumbiwa kwenhlabathi ye-Class I kanye ne-II ngaphansi kwendawo yokumisa, futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukumbiwa kwemigodi yesisekelo nama-caissons ezindaweni zenhlabathi ethambile.Ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukumba imigodi yesisekelo ejulile futhi emincane, ukudonsa imigudu emidala, ukumba udaka emanzini, njll., noma ukulayisha izinto ezixegayo ezifana netshe kanye ne-slag.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokumba: ukumba ohlangothini lomsele kanye nokumbiwa kwendawo.Uma ukubamba kwenziwa igridi, kungase futhi kusetshenziselwe ukulayisha amabhulokhi e-ore, ama-wood chips, izinkuni, njll. egcekeni lelogi.
I-hydraulic azimuth excavator ephelele
Iningi labavubukuli banamuhla bangama-hydraulic azimuth abemba ngokugcwele.Ama-hydraulic excavators akhiwe ngokuyinhloko injini, isistimu ye-hydraulic, idivayisi yokusebenza, idivayisi yokuhamba kanye nokulawula ugesi.Uhlelo lwe-hydraulic luqukethe ipompo ye-hydraulic, i-valve yokulawula, i-hydraulic cylinder, i-hydraulic motor, ipayipi, ithangi likaphethiloli, njll. Uhlelo lokulawula ugesi luhlanganisa iphaneli yokuqapha, uhlelo lokulawula injini, uhlelo lokulawula iphampu, izinzwa ezihlukahlukene, ama-solenoid valves, njll.
Izimbiwa ze-hydraulic ngokuvamile zakhiwa izingxenye ezintathu: idivayisi esebenzayo, umzimba ongaphezulu nomzimba ophansi.Ngokuya ngesakhiwo nokusetshenziswa kwayo, ingahlukaniswa ibe: uhlobo lokukhasa, uhlobo lwesondo, uhlobo lokuhamba, i-hydraulic egcwele, i-semi-hydraulic, ukujikeleza okugcwele, ukujikeleza okungagcwele, uhlobo olujwayelekile, uhlobo olukhethekile, uhlobo oluveziwe, uhlobo lwe-telescopic boom kanye ezinye izinhlobo.
Idivayisi esebenzayo iyisisetshenziswa esiqeda ngqo umsebenzi wokumba.Ihlanganiswe izingxenye ezintathu: i-boom, induku kanye nebhakede.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokwakha, ama-hydraulic excavators angahlonyiswa ngezinhlobonhlobo zemishini yokusebenza, njengokumba, ukuphakamisa, ukulayisha, ukulinganisa, ama-clamps, i-bulldozing, isando somthelela, ukumba i-rotary nezinye izinto zokusebenza.
Idivayisi yokubulala neyokuhamba iwumzimba we-hydraulic excavator, futhi ingxenye engaphezulu ye-turntable inikezwa idivayisi yamandla kanye nesistimu yokudlulisela.Injini ingumthombo wamandla we-hydraulic excavator, iningi lawo elisebenzisa uwoyela wedizili endaweni ekahle, futhi lingasebenzisa nenjini kagesi esikhundleni salokho.
I-hydraulic transmission system idlulisela amandla enjini ku-hydraulic motor, hydraulic cylinder namanye ama-actuator ngepompo ye-hydraulic, futhi iphushe isenzo sedivayisi esebenzayo ukuze iqedele imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-11-2022
