The Okokuqala(1), base onhlaziya ngencazeloukubheka
II-Excavator,owaziwa nangokuthi umshini wokumba (imishini yokumba), owaziwa nangokuthi i-excavator, umshini onyakazisa umhlaba osebenzisa ibhakede ukumba izinto ngenhla noma ngaphansi kwendawo yokuthwala bese ulayisha emotweni yokuthutha noma ukuyethula endaweni yesitoko.
Izinto ezimbiwe umgodi ngokuyinhloko inhlabathi, amalahle, udaka, inhlabathi namatshe ngemva kokuxegiswa ngakunye.Uma sibheka ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokwakha eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-excavators kuyashesha uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi abembayo sebengomunye wemishini yokwakha ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kobunjiniyela.Imingcele emithathu ebaluleke kakhulu ye-excavator: isisindo sokusebenza (isisindo), amandla enjini nebhakede, umthamo webhakede.
Iisilayishi, njengoba igama lisho "ukulayisha", umsebenzi wayo ukulayisha inhlabathi elolini, i-excavator nayo ingakwenza kodwa hhayi kahle njenge-loader, i-bulldozing imane nje iyingxenye yesilayishi, futhi isilayishi sinamasondo, ngakho-ke zingagijima emgwaqeni, Ama-Excavators, ama-bulldozers nezinye izinhlobo ze-crawler zingathuthwa kuphela ngama-trailer ukuze kudluliselwe indawo yokusebenza, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile kunezidingo ezikhethekile zesistimu yokushayela yesilayishi., imishini yokwakha umhlaba namatshe kumaphrojekthi wokwakha njengamachweba nezimayini.
The Okwesibili(2),base onngokwesakhiwohlola
I-Excavator: Izakhiwo ezivamile zokumba zihlanganisa isikhungo samandla, idivayisi esebenzayo, indlela yokubulala, indlela yokusebenza, indlela yokudlulisela, indlela yokuhamba kanye nezinsiza ezisizayo, njll. Indlela yokudlulisa amandla idlulisela amandla enjini ku-hydraulic motor, hydraulic cylinder, njll. iphampu ye-hydraulic yezingxenye zokusebenza ukusunduza idivayisi esebenzayo ukuze iqedele imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.
Isilayishi: okuhlanganisa injini, i-torque converter, u-gearbox, ama-axle okushayela ngaphambili nangemuva, okubizwa ngokuthi izingxenye ezine ezinkulu.
IOkwesithathu(3), isekelwe ku-Function ukuze uhlole
I-Excavator: Izinto ezimbiwe ikakhulukazi inhlabathi, amalahle, udaka, inhlabathi kanye namatshe ngemva kokuxega.Uma sibheka ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokwakha eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-excavators kuyashesha uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi abembayo sebengomunye wemishini yokwakha ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kobunjiniyela.
Loader: Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukufosholo, ukulayisha, ukuthulula, ukunyakazisa umhlaba kanye nezinto eziningi ezifana namatshe.Ingakwazi futhi ukwenza imisebenzi yokufosholo elula emadwaleni nasenhlabathini eqinile.Uma ushintsha amadivaysi ahlukene okusebenza, ungakwazi futhi ukuqedela umsebenzi wokwenza i-bulldozing, ukuphakamisa, ukulayisha kanye nokukhipha ezinye izinto.Ekwakhiweni kothelawayeka, isetshenziswa kakhulu ukugcwalisa kanye nokumbiwa kobunjiniyela be-roadbed, i-aggregate kanye nokulayishwa kwetiyela kanye negceke likakhonkolo likasimende.
Okwesine(4), base onumehluko wokuhlukanisa kusukela kumodeliukubheka
I-excavators: ingahlukaniswa ngama-excavators amakhulu, ama-excavators aphakathi, ama-excavators amancane, ama-crawler excavators, ama-wheel excavators, ama-hydraulic excavators, ama-mechanical excavators, ama-excavators ezimayini, ama-excavators asolwandle, ama-excavators akhethekile, njll. izigaba ezahlukene.
Izilayishi: Ngokwamandla enjini, zingahlukaniswa zibe izilayishi ezincane, izilayishi eziphakathi nendawo nezinkulu.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Excavator
Ama-excavators angahlukaniswa abe amafosholo angaphambili, ama-backhoes, ama-drag-lines kanye namafosholo okubamba.Amafosholo angaphambili asetshenziswa kakhulu ukumba izinto ngenhla, kanti ama-backhoes asetshenziswa kakhulu ukumba izinto ngaphansi komhlaba.
I-Backhoes Backhoes yizona ezivame kakhulu esake sazibona, ngokusikwa emuva-phansi, nokusikwa okuphoqelelwe.Ingasetshenziselwa ukumba ngaphansi kwendawo yokusebenza yokuvala shaqa.Izindlela zokusebenza eziyisisekelo yilezi: ukumbiwa kokuphela komsele, ukumba ohlangothini lomsele, ukumbiwa komugqa oqondile, ukumba okugobile, ukumba nge-engeli ethile, ukumbiwa komsele ojule kakhulu kanye nokumbiwa komthambeka womsele.
I-excavator yefosholo yangaphambili
Ifomu lesenzo sefosholo le-excavator yefosholo yangaphambili.Izici zayo "ziwukubheka phambili nangaphezulu, ukusika inhlabathi ngenkani".Ifosholo langaphambili linamandla amakhulu okumba futhi lingakwazi ukumba inhlabathi ngaphezu kwendawo yokuma.Ilungele ukumba imigodi yesisekelo esomile enobude obungaphezu kuka-2m, kodwa kufanele kumiswe amarempu aphezulu naphansi.Ibhakede lefosholo langaphambili likhulu kunele-backhoe excavator yento efanayo, futhi lingakwazi ukumba into enamanzi angekho ngaphezu kwama-27%.
Iloli lokulahla imfucuza lisebenzisana ukuze liqedele wonke umsebenzi wokumba nokuthutha, futhi lingaphinda limbe imigodi emikhulu yesisekelo esomile nezindunduma.Indlela yokumba yefosholo yangaphambili isekelwe kumehluko phakathi komzila wokumba kanye nokuma okuhlobene kwemoto yokuthutha.Kunezindlela ezimbili zokumba nokuthulula: ukumba phambili nokuthulula eceleni;phambili ukumba nokuhlehla Ukwethula inhlabathi.
Hudula umugqaumembi
Imigqa yokudonsa nayo ibizwa ngokuthi imigqa yokudonsa.Izici zokumbiwa kwawo yilezi: “ngemuva naphansi, ukusika inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesisindo sayo”.Ilungele ukumbiwa kwenhlabathi ye-Class I kanye ne-II ngaphansi kwendawo yokumisa.Lapho kusebenza, ibhakede liphonswa ngamandla angenasici, futhi ibanga lokumba likhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi indawo yokumba nokujula kokumba kukhulu, kodwa ayiguquki futhi inembile njenge-backhoe.Ilungele kakhulu ukumba imigodi yesisekelo emikhulu nejulile noma ukumba ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Isilayishiiwuhlobo lwemishini yokwakha umhlaba namatshe esetshenziswa kabanzi kuthelawayeka, ujantshi, ukwakhiwa, amandla kagesi, ichweba, imayini kanye namanye amaphrojekthi wokwakha.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukufosholo izinto eziyinqwaba njengenhlabathi, isihlabathi, umcako, amalahle, njll., inhlabathi eqinile, njll. ukumba ifosholo elincane.Ingakwazi futhi ukwenza i-bulldozing, ukuphakamisa nokulayisha kanye nokuthulula ezinye izinto ezifana nokhuni ngokushintsha izisetshenziswa ezisizayo ezihlukene.Emigwaqweni, ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kothelawayeka wezinga eliphezulu, izilayishi zisetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa kanye nokumba ubunjiniyela bombhede womgwaqo, ukuhlanganisa kanye nokulayishwa kwengxube yetiyela kanye negceke likasimende likasimende.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingakwazi futhi ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokusunduza inhlabathi, ukukhuhla phansi nokudonsa eminye imishini.Ngenxa yokuthi isilayishi sinezinzuzo zesivinini sokusebenza ngokushesha, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukuhamba kahle, nokusebenza okulula, sesibe olunye lwezinhlobo eziyinhloko zokwakha umsebenzi womhlaba ekwakhiweni kobunjiniyela.
IOkwesihlanu(5), base onhlukanisa nesiceloukubheka
I-Excavator: I-excavator iyimoto yobunjiniyela esetshenziselwa ukumba noma ukuhambisa izinto ezinkulu.
Isilayishi: Isilayishi sisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukufosholo, ukulayisha, ukuthulula, ukunyakazisa umhlaba kanye nezinto eziningi ezifana namatshe, futhi singakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yokufosholo elula emadwaleni nasenhlabathini eqinile.Uma ushintsha amadivaysi ahlukene okusebenza, ungakwazi futhi ukuqedela umsebenzi wokwenza i-bulldozing, ukuphakamisa, ukulayisha kanye nokukhipha ezinye izinto.Ekwakhiweni kothelawayeka, isetshenziswa kakhulu ukugcwalisa kanye nokumbiwa kobunjiniyela be-roadbed, i-aggregate kanye nokulayishwa kwetiyela kanye negceke likakhonkolo likasimende.
IOkwesithupha(6), base onizingxenye eziyinhlokoukubheka
I-Excavator: Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zokumba zihlanganisa isikhungo samandla, idivayisi esebenzayo, indlela yokubulala, indlela yokukhohlisa, indlela yokudlulisa, indlela yokuhamba kanye nezinsiza ezisizayo.Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-excavator chassis yilezi: ama-roller, ama-idlers, ama-sprockets, amazinyo okushayela, izicathulo zethrekhi, kanye nemihlangano yesitimela.
Isilayishi: okuhlanganisa injini, i-torque converter, u-gearbox, ama-axle okushayela ngaphambili nangemuva, okubizwa ngokuthi izingxenye ezine ezinkulu.
Umsebenzi uhlukile.Isilayishi sisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukufosholo izinto eziningi ezifana nenhlabathi, isihlabathi, umcako, amalahle, njll. Umenzi we-excavator usebenzisa ibhakede ukumba izinto ngenhla noma ngaphansi kobuso bomshini, futhi azilayishe emotweni yokuthutha noma ehlise umhlaba. - umshini wokuthunga esitolo.Izinto ezimbiwe ikakhulukazi inhlabathi, amalahle, udaka, inhlabathi namatshe ngemva kokuxegiswa kwe-pr.Isakhiwo nomgomo nakho kuhluke kakhulu.
Ama-excavators, aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukumba, kodwa angalayishwa
Isilayishi senzelwe ukulayisha ngokukhethekile.Ngeke isetshenziselwe ukumba.Ukulayishwa kwe-excavator akusheshi njengesilayishi.
Ama-excavators asebenza ngaphansi kwezinga eliphansi, kanti ama-forklift ngokuvamile asebenza ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi.I-excavator inokusebenza okudlulayo okuqinile futhi ifanele izindawo lapho izimoto zingakwazi ukuhamba njengezimayini.I-forklift iyakwazi ukulawuleka kakhulu futhi ingahlala izungeza emgwaqeni.
I-excavator umshini onyakazisa umhlaba osebenzisa ibhakede ukumba izinto ngenhla noma ngaphansi kobuso bomshini, bese ulayisha emotweni yokuthutha noma ukuthulula endaweni yesitoko.Ama-excavators angenye yezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu zemishini yokwakha ekwakhiweni kobunjiniyela.Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekumbeni izisekelo zezakhiwo nezindawo zokusebenzela, ukumba izinto zomhlabathi, ukukhumula umthwalo osindayo wezimayini, izinkwali, imigudu, izindawo zokusebenzela ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye neziqongo.Ngesikhathi sokulayisha, ukumba imisele, imisele kanye nokudonsa imigudu yamanzi, ukuthulula nokuphakamisa ngemva kokushintsha imishini yokusebenza.
Sengisho nje,I-loader iwuhlobo lwemishini yokwakha umhlaba namatshe esetshenziswa kabanzi kuthelawayeka, ujantshi, ukwakhiwa, ugesi wamanzi, ichweba, imayini kanye namanye amaphrojekthi wokwakha.Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulayisha ngefosholo inhlabathi, isihlabathi, umcako, amalahle nezinye izinto eziningi.Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukwenza ifosholo elilula kanye nemisebenzi yokumba ezitsheni zensimbi nenhlabathi eqinile.Ingakwazi futhi ukwenza i-bulldozing, ukuphakamisa nokulayisha kanye nokuthulula ezinye izinto ezifana nokhuni ngokushintsha izisetshenziswa ezisizayo ezihlukene.Emigwaqweni, ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwemigwaqo emikhulu yezinga eliphezulu, izilayishi zisetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa kanye nokumba ubunjiniyela be-roadbed, i-aggregate kanye nokulayisha ingxube yetiyela kanye negceke likasimende likasimende.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingakwazi futhi ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokusunduza inhlabathi, ukukhuhla phansi nokudonsa eminye imishini.Ngenxa yokuthi isilayishi sinezinzuzo zesivinini sokusebenza ngokushesha, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukuhamba kahle, nokusebenza okulula, sesibe olunye lwezinhlobo eziyinhloko zokwakha umsebenzi womhlaba ekwakhiweni kobunjiniyela.
Kokubili ukusebenza komhlaba, futhi ibhakede le-excavator (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi umshini we-hook) lingahamba ngaphansi komugqa ovundlile.Ibhakede lesilayishi lingaba ngaphezu komugqa ovundlile kuphela.Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili ukuthi banokusetshenziswa okuhlukile futhi kwesinye isikhathi kungashintshana.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zazo ngayinye.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, inani elikhulu lezinto ezibonakalayo endizeni enezingqimba zilayishwa ku-loader, enomthamo omkhulu webhakede, ukunyakaza okuguquguqukayo, ukusebenza kahle kokulayisha okuphezulu kanye nomnotho omuhle.Kodwa-ke, ukulayishwa kwempahla kanye nomsebenzi wokumba ngaphansi kwezinga ungenziwa kuphela ngama-excavators.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-18-2022
